
There are two kinds of mammography, screening and diagnostic. Screening mammography is used to look for breast changes in women having no signs of breast cancer. Diagnostic mammography is used when a woman consults with her doctor because of breast changes such as lumps, pain, nipple discharge, thickening or unusual changes in the size or shape of her breasts.
Diagnostic mammography is also used when an abnormality in the breast has been identified during screening mammography. Diagnostic mammography is a digital exam of the breasts that is performed in order to evaluate a breast complaint or abnormality detected by physical exam or routine screening mammography. Diagnostic mammography is different from screening mammography in that additional views of the breast are usually taken, as opposed to two views typically taken with screening mammography. Before a patient leaves after having a digital diagnostic mammogram, a physician (radiologist) will discuss the results of the tests.
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The goal of diagnostic mammography is to pinpoint the exact size and location of breast abnormality and to image the surrounding tissue and lymph nodes. In many cases, diagnostic mammography will help show that the abnormality is highly likely to be benign (non-cancerous). When this occurs, the radiologist may recommend that the woman return at a later date for a follow-up mammogram, typically in six months. However, if an abnormality seen with diagnostic mammography is suspicious, additional breast imaging (with exams such as ultrasound) or a biopsy may be ordered. Biopsy is the only definitive way to determine whether a woman has breast cancer.